I’ll be logged in as root.

Step 1 – Show your HDD with the following command.

fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500106780160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976771055 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0000aa64

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048   968404991   484201472   83  Linux
/dev/sda2       968407038   976769023     4180993    5  Extended
/dev/sda5       968407040   976769023     4180992   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x93911043

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048  1953525167   976761560   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 765633 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe337e54a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048  3907029167  1953513560   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdd: 1999.7 GB, 1999696297984 bytes
228 heads, 56 sectors/track, 305894 cylinders, total 3905656832 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x729ee5dd

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdd1            2048  3905656831  1952827392   83  Linux

Step 2 – You have to choose the HDD partition and run the test with the following command.

root@mail:/# sudo badblocks -v /dev/sda1 > /home/mslavov/bad-sectors.txt
Checking blocks 0 to 484201471
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
Pass completed, 25 bad blocks found. (1/0/0 errors)

Step 3 – After that, we need to feed the file into the FSCK command to mark these bad sectors as ‘unusable’ sectors.

sudo fsck -l /home/mslavov/bad-sectors.txt /dev/sda1

or also you can use this commad for ext2,3,4 filesystem.

sudo fsck -t ext4 -l /home/mslavov/bad-sectors.txt /dev/sda1